fix: Normalize URLs with spaces in WhatsApp template parameters (#12594)

This PR fixes URL parsing errors when WhatsApp template parameters
contain URLs with spaces or special characters. The solution adds proper
URL normalization using Addressable::URI before validation, which
automatically handles space encoding and special character
normalization.

Related with https://github.com/chatwoot/chatwoot/pull/12462

## Type of change

- [x] Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)

## Checklist:

- [x] My code follows the style guidelines of this project
- [x] I have performed a self-review of my code
- [x] I have commented on my code, particularly in hard-to-understand
areas
- [ ] I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
- [x] My changes generate no new warnings
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works
- [x] New and existing unit tests pass locally with my changes
- [x] Any dependent changes have been merged and published in downstream
modules

---------

Co-authored-by: Muhsin Keloth <muhsinkeramam@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>

app/services/whatsapp/populate_template_parameters_service.rb

@@ -34,8 +34,9 @@ class Whatsapp::PopulateTemplateParametersService
     return nil if url.blank?
 
     sanitized_url = sanitize_parameter(url)
-    validate_url(sanitized_url)
-    build_media_type_parameter(sanitized_url, media_type.downcase, media_name)
+    normalized_url = normalize_url(sanitized_url)
+    validate_url(normalized_url)
+    build_media_type_parameter(normalized_url, media_type.downcase, media_name)
   end
 
   def build_named_parameter(parameter_name, value)
@@ -138,9 +139,20 @@ class Whatsapp::PopulateTemplateParametersService
     sanitized[0...1000] # Limit length to prevent DoS
   end
 
+  def normalize_url(url)
+    # Use Addressable::URI for better URL normalization
+    # It handles spaces, special characters, and encoding automatically
+    Addressable::URI.parse(url).normalize.to_s
+  rescue Addressable::URI::InvalidURIError
+    # Fallback: simple space encoding if Addressable fails
+    url.gsub(' ', '%20')
+  end
+
   def validate_url(url)
     return if url.blank?
 
+    # url is already normalized by the caller
+
     uri = URI.parse(url)
     raise ArgumentError, "Invalid URL scheme: #{uri.scheme}. Only http and https are allowed" unless %w[http https].include?(uri.scheme)
     raise ArgumentError, 'URL too long (max 2000 characters)' if url.length > 2000

spec/services/whatsapp/populate_template_parameters_service_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+require 'rails_helper'
+
+describe Whatsapp::PopulateTemplateParametersService do
+  let(:service) { described_class.new }
+
+  describe '#normalize_url' do
+    it 'normalizes URLs with spaces' do
+      url_with_spaces = 'https://example.com/path with spaces'
+      normalized = service.send(:normalize_url, url_with_spaces)
+
+      expect(normalized).to eq('https://example.com/path%20with%20spaces')
+    end
+
+    it 'handles URLs with special characters' do
+      url = 'https://example.com/path?query=test value'
+      normalized = service.send(:normalize_url, url)
+
+      expect(normalized).to include('https://example.com/path')
+      expect(normalized).not_to include(' ')
+    end
+
+    it 'returns valid URLs unchanged' do
+      url = 'https://example.com/valid-path'
+      normalized = service.send(:normalize_url, url)
+
+      expect(normalized).to eq(url)
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe '#build_media_parameter' do
+    context 'when URL contains spaces' do
+      it 'normalizes the URL before building media parameter' do
+        url_with_spaces = 'https://example.com/image with spaces.jpg'
+        result = service.build_media_parameter(url_with_spaces, 'IMAGE')
+
+        expect(result[:type]).to eq('image')
+        expect(result[:image][:link]).to eq('https://example.com/image%20with%20spaces.jpg')
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when URL contains special characters in query string' do
+      it 'normalizes the URL correctly' do
+        url = 'https://example.com/video.mp4?title=My Video'
+        result = service.build_media_parameter(url, 'VIDEO', 'test_video')
+
+        expect(result[:type]).to eq('video')
+        expect(result[:video][:link]).not_to include(' ')
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when URL is already valid' do
+      it 'builds media parameter without changing URL' do
+        url = 'https://example.com/document.pdf'
+        result = service.build_media_parameter(url, 'DOCUMENT', 'test.pdf')
+
+        expect(result[:type]).to eq('document')
+        expect(result[:document][:link]).to eq(url)
+        expect(result[:document][:filename]).to eq('test.pdf')
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when URL is blank' do
+      it 'returns nil' do
+        result = service.build_media_parameter('', 'IMAGE')
+
+        expect(result).to be_nil
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end