feat: Add company auto-association for contacts (CW-5726 Part 2) (#12711)

## Description

Implements real-time company auto-association for contacts based on
email domains. This is **Part 2** of the company model production
rollout (CW-5726).

**Task:**
- When a contact is created with a business email, automatically create
and associate a company from the email domain
- When a contact is updated with an email for the first time (email was
previously nil), associate with a company
- Preserve existing company associations when email changes to avoid
user confusion
- Skip free email providers and disposable domains

**Dependencies:**
⚠️ Requires PR #12657 (Part 1: Backfill migration) to be merged first

**Linear ticket:**
[CW-5726](https://linear.app/chatwoot/issue/CW-5726/company-model-setting-it-up-on-production)

## Type of change

- [x] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)

## How Has This Been Tested?

- Service specs: Tests business email detection, company creation,
association logic, edge cases (existing companies, free emails, nil
emails)
- Integration specs: Tests full callback flow for contact create/update
scenarios
- All tests passing: 10 examples, 0 failures
- RuboCop: 0 offenses

## Checklist:

- [x] My code follows the style guidelines of this project
- [x] I have performed a self-review of my code
- [x] I have commented on my code, particularly in hard-to-understand
areas
- [x] My changes generate no new warnings
- [x] I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my
feature works
- [x] New and existing unit tests pass locally with my changes
- [ ] Any dependent changes have been merged and published in downstream
modules (PR #12657 pending)

---------

Co-authored-by: Sojan Jose <sojan@pepalo.com>

enterprise/app/models/enterprise/concerns/contact.rb

@@ -2,5 +2,30 @@ module Enterprise::Concerns::Contact
   extend ActiveSupport::Concern
   included do
     belongs_to :company, optional: true
+
+    after_commit :associate_company_from_email,
+                 on: [:create, :update],
+                 if: :should_associate_company?
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def should_associate_company?
+    # Only trigger if:
+    # 1. Contact has an email
+    # 2. Contact doesn't have a compan yet
+    # 3. Email was just set/changed
+    # 4. Email was previously nil (first time getting email)
+    email.present? &&
+      company_id.nil? &&
+      saved_change_to_email? &&
+      saved_change_to_email.first.nil?
+  end
+
+  def associate_company_from_email
+    Contacts::CompanyAssociationService.new.associate_company_from_email(self)
+  rescue StandardError => e
+    Rails.logger.error("Failed to associate company for contact #{id}: #{e.message}")
+    # Don't fail the contact save if the company association fails
   end
 end

enterprise/app/services/contacts/company_association_service.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+class Contacts::CompanyAssociationService
+  def associate_company_from_email(contact)
+    return nil if skip_association?(contact)
+
+    company = find_or_create_company(contact)
+    # rubocop:disable Rails/SkipsModelValidations
+    # Intentionally using update_column here to:
+    # 1. Avoid triggering callbacks
+    # 2. Improve performance (We're only setting company_id, no need for validation)
+    contact.update_column(:company_id, company.id) if company
+    # rubocop:enable Rails/SkipsModelValidations
+    company
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def skip_association?(contact)
+    return true if contact.company_id.present?
+    return true if contact.email.blank?
+
+    detector = Companies::BusinessEmailDetectorService.new(contact.email)
+    return true unless detector.perform
+
+    false
+  end
+
+  def find_or_create_company(contact)
+    domain = extract_domain(contact.email)
+    company_name = derive_company_name(contact, domain)
+
+    Company.find_or_create_by!(account: contact.account, domain: domain) do |company|
+      company.name = company_name
+    end
+  rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotUnique
+    # If another process created it first, just find that
+    Company.find_by(account: contact.account, domain: domain)
+  end
+
+  def extract_domain(email)
+    email.split('@').last&.downcase
+  end
+
+  def derive_company_name(contact, domain)
+    contact.additional_attributes&.dig('company_name') || domain.split('.').first.tr('-_', ' ').titleize
+  end
+end

spec/enterprise/jobs/migration/company_account_batch_job_spec.rb

@@ -19,6 +19,12 @@ RSpec.describe Migration::CompanyAccountBatchJob, type: :job do
       let!(:contact) { create(:contact, account: account, email: 'user@acme.com') }
 
       it 'creates a company and associates the contact' do
+        # Clean up companies created by Part 2's callback
+        Company.delete_all
+        # rubocop:disable Rails/SkipsModelValidations
+        contact.update_column(:company_id, nil)
+        # rubocop:enable Rails/SkipsModelValidations
+
         expect do
           described_class.perform_now(account)
         end.to change(Company, :count).by(1)
@@ -71,6 +77,13 @@ RSpec.describe Migration::CompanyAccountBatchJob, type: :job do
       let!(:contact2) { create(:contact, account: account, email: 'user2@acme.com') }
 
       it 'creates only one company for the domain' do
+        # Clean up companies created by Part 2's callback
+        Company.delete_all
+        # rubocop:disable Rails/SkipsModelValidations
+        contact1.update_column(:company_id, nil)
+        contact2.update_column(:company_id, nil)
+        # rubocop:enable Rails/SkipsModelValidations
+
         expect do
           described_class.perform_now(account)
         end.to change(Company, :count).by(1)

spec/enterprise/models/contact_company_association_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+require 'rails_helper'
+
+RSpec.describe Contact, type: :model do
+  describe 'company auto-association' do
+    let(:account) { create(:account) }
+
+    context 'when creating a new contact with business email' do
+      it 'automatically creates and associates a company' do
+        expect do
+          create(:contact, email: 'john@acme.com', account: account)
+        end.to change(Company, :count).by(1)
+        contact = described_class.last
+        expect(contact.company).to be_present
+        expect(contact.company.domain).to eq('acme.com')
+      end
+
+      it 'does not create company for free email providers' do
+        expect do
+          create(:contact, email: 'john@gmail.com', account: account)
+        end.not_to change(Company, :count)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when updating a contact to add email for first time' do
+      it 'creates and associates company' do
+        contact = create(:contact, email: nil, account: account)
+        expect do
+          contact.update(email: 'john@acme.com')
+        end.to change(Company, :count).by(1)
+        contact.reload
+        expect(contact.company.domain).to eq('acme.com')
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when updating a contact that already has a company' do
+      it 'does not change company when email changes' do
+        existing_company = create(:company, domain: 'oldcompany.com', account: account)
+        contact = create(:contact, email: 'john@oldcompany.com', company: existing_company, account: account)
+
+        expect do
+          contact.update(email: 'john@new_company.com')
+        end.not_to change(Company, :count)
+        contact.reload
+        expect(contact.company).to eq(existing_company)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when multiple contacts share the same domain' do
+      it 'associates all contacts with the same company' do
+        contacts = ['john@acme.com', 'jane@acme.com', 'bob@acme.com']
+        contacts.each do |contact|
+          create(:contact, email: contact, account: account)
+        end
+
+        expect(Company.where(domain: 'acme.com', account: account).count).to eq(1)
+        company = Company.find_by(domain: 'acme.com', account: account)
+        expect(company.contacts.count).to eq(contacts.length)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

spec/enterprise/services/contacts/company_association_service_spec.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+require 'rails_helper'
+
+RSpec.describe Contacts::CompanyAssociationService, type: :service do
+  let(:account) { create(:account) }
+  let(:service) { described_class.new }
+
+  describe '#associate_company_from_email' do
+    context 'when contact has business email and no company' do
+      it 'creates a new company and associates it' do
+        contact = create(:contact, email: 'john@acme.com', account: account, company_id: nil)
+        Company.delete_all # Delete any companies created by the callback
+        # rubocop:disable Rails/SkipsModelValidations
+        contact.update_column(:company_id, nil) # Delete the company association created by the callback
+        # rubocop:enable Rails/SkipsModelValidations
+
+        valid_email_address = instance_double(ValidEmail2::Address, valid?: true, disposable_domain?: false)
+        allow(ValidEmail2::Address).to receive(:new).with('john@acme.com').and_return(valid_email_address)
+        allow(EmailProviderInfo).to receive(:call).with('john@acme.com').and_return(nil)
+
+        expect do
+          service.associate_company_from_email(contact)
+        end.to change(Company, :count).by(1)
+
+        contact.reload
+        expect(contact.company).to be_present
+        expect(contact.company.domain).to eq('acme.com')
+        expect(contact.company.name).to eq('Acme')
+      end
+
+      it 'reuses existing company with same domain' do
+        existing_company = create(:company, domain: 'acme.com', account: account)
+        contact = create(:contact, email: 'john@acme.com', account: account, company_id: nil)
+        # rubocop:disable Rails/SkipsModelValidations
+        contact.update_column(:company_id, nil) # Delete the company association created by the callback
+        # rubocop:enable Rails/SkipsModelValidations
+
+        valid_email_address = instance_double(ValidEmail2::Address, valid?: true, disposable_domain?: false)
+        allow(ValidEmail2::Address).to receive(:new).with('john@acme.com').and_return(valid_email_address)
+        allow(EmailProviderInfo).to receive(:call).with('john@acme.com').and_return(nil)
+
+        expect do
+          service.associate_company_from_email(contact)
+        end.not_to change(Company, :count)
+
+        contact.reload
+        expect(contact.company).to eq(existing_company)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when contact already has a company' do
+      it 'skips association and returns nil' do
+        existing_company = create(:company, account: account)
+        contact = create(:contact, email: 'john@acme.com', account: account, company_id: existing_company.id)
+        result = service.associate_company_from_email(contact)
+
+        expect(result).to be_nil
+        contact.reload
+        expect(contact.company).to eq(existing_company)
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when contact has free email provider' do
+      it 'skips association for email' do
+        contact = create(:contact, email: 'john@gmail.com', account: account, company_id: nil)
+        expect do
+          service.associate_company_from_email(contact)
+        end.not_to change(Company, :count)
+        contact.reload
+        expect(contact.company).to be_nil
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'when contact has no email' do
+      it 'skips association' do
+        contact = create(:contact, email: nil, account: account, company_id: nil)
+
+        result = service.associate_company_from_email(contact)
+        expect(result).to be_nil
+        expect(contact.reload.company).to be_nil
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end